The second week of pregnancy begins with hormonal changes. These changes allow for a pregnancy test. So the second week of a woman can already confirm their pregnancy and seek the advice of an obstetrician-gynecologist - not worth it to pull.

Hormonal changes in women in the second week of pregnancy

After the introduction of a fertilized egg in the uterus in the second week of pregnancy in the blood and urine of women appears human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is also called the pregnancy hormone.

HCG begins to be produced after the introduction of the embryo in the uterine lining. It highlights the chorion - the outer shell of the embryo from the naps, which firmly implanted in the uterine wall.

HCG stimulates the corpus luteum - cancer, which was formed in the ovary in place after the bursting of ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   follicle. And since the main hormone secreted by the corpus luteum - progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology , The amount of blood increases significantly. This progesterone helps prepare the uterus to receive the embryo, its proper implementation in the lining of the uterus, the development of the embryo in the uterus during the first weeks of pregnancy. Progesterone also inhibits the contraction of the muscles of the uterus, thereby preventing the premature termination of pregnancy.

In the second week of pregnancy the amount of hCG in the blood and urine of pregnant women even slightly, it can be detected only by means of a highly sensitive test, but then it doubles every two days. Starting from the 10th week of pregnancy, hCG growth stops and the 12th week is winding down. This suggests that the yellow body ceases to function, and all the work to ensure that the body of a pregnant woman's hormones incurs formed placenta.

Human chorionic gonadotropin - is one of the most important indicators of the presence of pregnancy and its successful development. HCG is composed of two substances - alpha and beta. The substance is identical alpha same substance pituitary hormones (follicle - FSH, LH - LH and thyroid stimulating - TSH), the substance beta characteristic only of hCG.

If HCG appears in the blood of non-pregnant women and men, this may indicate the presence of the organism in their hormone-dependent tumors or cysts.

Changes in a woman's body in the second week of pregnancy

In the second week of pregnancy under the influence of hormones in women may be nausea Nausea - there may be problems with the nervous system , Drowsiness, increased appetite, and increase breast tenderness.

In the second week of gestation the embryo is already in the uterus. After implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus of its mucous membrane begins to change. It further expand arteries and appear large decidual cells, rich in glycogen (glycogen - a glucose reserves Glucose: The energy source Needed for energy).

The shell that surrounds the fetus, some time is saved and through it from the uterus to the fetus enters protein liquid that surrounds the fetus. The cells of the embryo are heterogeneous, they are divided into blastomeres surface, giving rise to trophoblast (from it in the future placenta is formed), and lying within the larger blastomeres - embryoblast (from it formed the body of the fetus).

Trophoblast plays a major role in the implementation process of the embryo to the uterus. Trophoblast cells secrete enzymes that destroy the uterine epithelium, which allows the embryo penetrate deeply into the uterine lining. In the place of introduction to the end of the second week of pregnancy forms chorion - outer shell of the fruit, covered with villi grow into the uterine lining and participating in the formation of the placenta.

The cells of the embryo in the uterus are divided, and by the end of the second week of pregnancy the embryo consists of two unequal largest bubbles, which in one place in contact with each other, forming a so-called embryonic shield, which later will form the body of the embryo itself. Smaller bubbles facing the uterine wall, called ectodermal or amniotic vesicle therefrom later is formed of membranes and placenta. The larger the bubble called the endoderm - from it formed the body of the fetus.

Home pregnancy tests

Pregnancy test involves identifying the urine of pregnant women hCG. Tests can be different, both in method of and efficiency. The most simple tests determine the presence in urine of the total amount of hCG (alpha and beta-substances). Tests are considered to be more efficient, which is determined by the presence in urine of beta-hCG substance. The packaging test usually indicates its sensitivity (this is a number from 10 to 30, corresponding to the minimum concentration of hCG in urine, which can be determined by this test, the smaller the number, the more sensitive test). Tests with a sensitivity of 10 can be used within a week after ovulation, that is, in the second week of pregnancy.

Pregnancy - is a very important time, especially the first few weeks, when there is a bookmark of organs and tissues of the fetus. Try not to hurt her baby at the time: do not smoke, do not drink alcohol and drugs, get plenty of rest, and walk in the fresh air.

Galina Romanenko

It happens this week, and it may well be within the normal range. But it could be a sign of prolonged pregnancy. To distinguish one from the other will obstetrician-gynecologist of female consultation, which at the end of pregnancy, a woman will be visiting every week.

Status of women in the 41st week of pregnancy

This state of mental readiness to leave, disappointed that they are not, and concern for her baby. Calm woman in this situation can only obstetrician-gynecologist antenatal clinic after the test. The survey is necessary in order to distinguish normal pregnancy (normal pregnancy can last up to 42 weeks) from the prolonged pregnancy. This depends on the child and the placenta.

The survey includes a Doppler ultrasound, in which is revealed the state of the blood vessels of the placenta. By the end of pregnancy, the placenta, "aging", some of its blood vessels zapustevayut and worse blood supply of the child. And as it is with the blood of the fetus to get nutrients and oxygen, aging baby placenta begins to suffer. In order to allow more blood to the tissues got his cardiovascular system begins to work with the increased load, there is a frequent heartbeat - it can determine, after hearing the fetal heartbeat with a stethoscope or a result of a special study - CTG (KGG).

If, after these studies, the doctor considers that the pregnancy is progressing normally, then do not worry, you need to relax and wait in the wings. You have left one more week - 42th, it also fits into a normal pregnancy. Often the prolonged pregnancy is common in nulliparous women older than 30 years.

But if the condition of the placenta and the baby raises concerns, it is best to listen to the doctor's advice and go to the hospital where the birth stimulate or (if necessary) will do a cesarean section. Nothing wrong with that, all the techniques repeatedly tested and used daily. Prolonged pregnancy is not uncommon, but the children are born at the same time without the expressed defects.

Condition of the fetus in the 41st week of pregnancy

If using the survey found that pregnancy can not stand, the woman can be sure that the child continues to develop peacefully in her womb, increasing the fat. It is in these last days he gets the maximum amount of antibodies Antibodies - "soldiers' immunity   from his mother - they will protect it from various infections.

He has good work the cardiovascular system, liver, pancreas Diabetes and pancreas - the things you need to know Kidneys. The lungs have accumulated enough surfactant, which during the first exhalation protects the alveoli from sticking together. In the intestine formed original cal - meconium (a consequence of the child swallowing amniotic fluid).

After the birth weight of the newborn will be healthy more than 3200 g, length - 50 cm, the child becomes more rounded shape, wrinkled countenance disappears and fluff on the body, the hair on the head elongated, compressed cartilage on the ears. At birth, a child gave a loud cry and suckle well. However, in order to start to suck, a child first have to slightly adapt to the new environment. But after 20-30 minutes, he can actively suckle. Almost at the same time highlighted the first cal - meconium. Sometimes he stands before birth in the amniotic fluid, but it is not terrible: the child is not yet born, his isolation Discharges in women when there is cause for concern   sterile. After birth, these children are usually normally adapt to the new conditions, but some of them have observed inhibition of metabolic processes, which can lead to rapid weight loss in the first weeks after birth.

Prolonged fruit has its own characteristics: it is dry, macerated (soaked) on the palms and soles leather. She gave a little loose, flaky, not at all syrovidnoy lubrication (even in the folds of the skin) and vellus hair on the back and shoulders. A child less adaptable in the external environment, so it is put to the breast immediately, but after a while, when the state returns to normal.

Perenashivanie dangerous because the aging of the baby placenta brain is not getting enough oxygen and this can lead to further various disorders of the central nervous system. Perenashivanie danger lies in the fact that the child's skull bones become harder and worse shifted relative to each other. As a result, the fetal head hardly passes through the birth canal and often injured.

Remember that every woman has their own schedule of delivery and if the doctor believes that the 41st week of pregnancy proceeds normally, and nothing to worry about.

Galina Romanenko